Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Self-Compassion Exercises for free. These detailed, science-based exercises will not only help you increase the compassion and kindness you show yourself but will also give you the tools to help your clients, students, or employees show more compassion to themselves.
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The tricky thing about moods is that they are transitory, and can come and go without warning, cause, or reason. This is why, unlike emotions, which arise due to, or as a result of, specific events, moods represent our overall state, and determine how we interpret or approach external stimuli. Also, they can last much longer than emotions (Moods, 2015).
The MFQ exists in six versions: child self-report, parent-report and adult self-report, with each questionnaire available in a long and short version (33 or 13 questions). All questionnaires can be found here. The MFQ is free to download.
Within minutes, you can find and download a myriad of apps that incorporate proven techniques such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), and address everything from depression to eating disorder recovery, anxiety, PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and more.
MoodKit uses the foundation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and provides users with over 200 different mood improvement activities. Developed by two clinical psychologists, MoodKit helps you learn how to change how you think, and develop self-awareness and healthy attitudes. The journal feature is a great way to practice self-care by reflecting on the day, noting any distressing thoughts, and documenting how you overcame them. ($4.99; iOS)
Need a happy fix? With its psychologist-approved mood-training program, the Happify app is your fast-track to a good mood. Try various engaging games, activity suggestions, gratitude prompts and more to train your brain as if it were a muscle, to overcome negative thoughts. The best part? Its free! (Free; iOS and Android)
MoodTools aims to support people with clinical depression by aiding the path to recovery. Discover helpful videos that can improve your mood and behavior, log and analyze your thoughts using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles, develop a suicide safety plan and more with this free app. (Free; iOS and Android)
Developed in partnership with the Schizophrenia and Related Disorders Alliance of America (SARDAA), the Schizophrenia HealthStorylines app makes it easier for those with schizophrenia to monitor their condition by keeping track of symptoms, medication, and moods. You can set medication and appointment reminders, record questions for your clinician, take note of symptoms, and connect with a support system. (Free; iOS)
Jenny is a lifestyle, travel, design, beauty, and health writer and editor. Her work has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, Cosmopolitan, Refinery 29 and more. Her favorite psychology topics to cover are neuroticism (and the other Big Five), the power of mindset, and self-care.
Consistent with the notion that SGT conveys a long-term benefit, individuals who mind-wander under non-demanding circumstances tend to delay gratification [11] and generate more creative solutions to problems [12]. SGT, however, is not always beneficial and when it occurs during complex tasks such as reading, it is often associated with reduced performance (e.g. [13], [14]). Moreover, in daily life, mind-wandering has been linked to automobile accidents [15]. Evidence of both costs and benefits therefore suggests that SGT is not a homogenous experience [11].
In addition to demonstrating the heterogeneity of the relation between SGT and mood, our study also demonstrates that SGT can be informatively characterized according to the covariation between distinct constituents of the content. Our application of PCA revealed a statistical overlap between self-related and future-related thoughts that corroborates prior work. For example, a brief period of self-reflection caused an increase in future-related thoughts [35]. In another study, ratings of open-ended reports of SGT revealed that future-related thought were also highly self-related [3]. The PCA also grouped together the past and other constituents into one component which was associated with negative mood. This statistical characterization of SGT is consistent with prior work [17] linking past-related thought to negative affect both at a transient level (i.e. following mood induction) and more sustained level (i.e. BDI). The fact that PCA revealed statistical categories of SGT whose psychological properties mimic the results of experimental manipulations provides independent support for the existence of psychologically distinct types of SGT.
Finally, the current concerns hypothesis [36], [37] provides a valuable perspective on the observation that past and future-related SGT have opposing links to mood. According to this framework, mind-wandering often arises because unfulfilled goals or ambitions have greater salience than current environmental inputs (see also [1]). If individuals simply simulated a current concern, without attempting to generate possible solutions, this could prolong the influence that the unfulfilled goal has on mood. By contrast, future-related thoughts allow individuals to create plans [3], [9] and so could provide the individual with mental strategies or heuristics that could then be used to resolve these issues in the future (e.g. [10]). In this way self and future-related thoughts may reduce the negative influence that current concerns have on mood. Although the capacity to limit mind-wandering may be the best way to improve happiness in the long run, the strong tendency of the mind to spontaneously generate thoughts may hinder this possibility. Our data suggests that, if mentally setting aside a problem is not an option, moving forward by adopting a future focus may be the next best strategy.
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